‘Quartz’ crystals at the Earth’s core power its magnetic field
The Earth’s core consists mostly of a huge ball of liquid metal lying
at 3000 km beneath its surface, surrounded by a mantle of hot rock.
Notably, at such great depths, both the core and mantle are subject to
extremely high pressures and temperatures. Furthermore, research
indicates that the slow creeping flow of hot buoyant rocks–moving
several centimeters per year–carries heat away from the core to the
surface, resulting in a very gradual cooling of the core over geological
time. However, the degree to which the Earth’s core has cooled since
its formation is an area of intense debate amongst Earth scientists.
In 2013 Kei Hirose, now Director of the Earth-Life Science Institute
(ELSI) at the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), reported that
the Earth’s core may have cooled by as much as 1000?C since its
formation 4.5 billion years ago. This large amount of cooling would be
necessary to sustain the geomagnetic field, unless there was another as
yet undiscovered source of energy. These results were a major surprise
to the deep Earth community, and created what Peter Olson of Johns
Hopkins University referred to as, “the New Core Heat Paradox”, in an
article published in Science.
Read more ~ Eureka Alert
Image:
The samples are heated under pressure to high temperatures of the core
(about 4000 kelvins and higher) by being irradiated by a laser through
diamonds.
Credit:
Tokyo Institute of Technology